It is estimated, by 2018, approximately 1,735,350 new cases of cancer overall and 609,640 deaths from it in the United States, where 91, 270 new cases will be melanoma and 9,320 people will die from it. This figure is of concern to all physicians, particularly oncology specialists (surgical oncologists, clinical oncologists and radiation oncologists) as it is the most aggressive form of skin cancer.

Now, it is no longer a secret: Ultraviolet (UV) rays, both natural and artificial, are the main risk factor for skin cancer. Since 2009, UV rays have been recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as certain carcinogens and it is estimated that 90% of all skin cancers are associated with UV exposure. However, there is a 10% of skin cancer that is related to chemical exposure as well as some genetic diseases that can increase the risk of developing it, such as Albinism (a defect in the production of melanin).

How can risks be reduced?

It is recommended to avoid exposure to sunlight from 11:00 AM to 4:00 PM where ultraviolet rays are more intense. Sunscreen should be applied to exposed skin at least 30 minutes before sun exposure and reapplied after 80 minutes in the water or every 2 hours out of the water. Keep in mind that even in a shaded area, sunscreen should be used because water, white sand, concrete, snow and ice can reflect approximately 85% of UV rays indirectly.

It is necessary for all people to periodically examine their skin according to their risk factors with a physician specialized in the area in order to reduce the risks and detect cancerous pathology at an early stage.

There are multiple treatments such as surgery, electrodesiccation and curettage, cryosurgery, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, among others, that contribute to decrease the death rate from skin cancer, but the idea is not to reach any of them, but in case of needing one of these, preferably at an early stage.